Bulletin n. 3/2006 | ||
December 2006 | ||
Minford Patrick |
||
Measuring the Economic Costs and Benefits of the EU | ||
in Open Economies Review , Volume 17, Numbers 4-5 , 2006 , 509-524 | ||
The EU has pursued protectionist policies not merely in food but also in manufacturing at the customs union level. In services it has not dismantled much of the existing national protectionism. The economic costs are calculated here at some 3% of GDP for the UK and some 2% for the rest of the EU. Added to its social interventionism, these costs suggest that the EU has put political integration before economic efficiency. | ||